Table: Common Specific Antidotes - Merck Manuals Consumer Version

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Common Specific Antidotes

Toxin	Antidote
Acetaminophen Acetaminophen Poisoning People sometimes ingest too many products that contain acetaminophen and poison themselves. Depending on the amount of acetaminophen in the blood, symptoms range from none at all to vomiting... read more	N-Acetylcysteine
Anticholinergic drugs	Physostigmine*
Antifreeze (ethylene glycol type)	Fomepizole Ethanol
Apixaban	Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated
Benzodiazepines (such as diazepam and lorazepam)	Flumazenil*
Black widow spider bite Spider Bites Almost all spiders are poisonous. However, the fangs of most species are too short or too fragile to penetrate human skin. Although at least 60 species in the United States have been implicated... read more	Lactrodectus antivenom
Botulism	Botulinum antitoxin
Cyanide	Hydroxocobalamin Cyanide antidote kit (includes amyl nitrate, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate)
Dabigatran	Idarucizumab
Digitalis, including drugs (digoxin) and plants (oleander, foxglove)	Digoxin-specific antibodies
Edoxaban	Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated
Heavy metals (such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc)	Drugs that remove heavy metals from the body (chelating drugs), such as dimercaprol, edetate calcium disodium, penicillamine, and succimer
Heparin	Protamine
Iron	Deferoxamine
Insecticides (many brands—ingredients should be checked)	Atropine Pralidoxime
Methanol (wood alcohol)	Fomepizole Ethanol
Opioids Opioids Opioids are a class of drugs derived from the opium poppy (including synthetic variations) that are pain relievers with a high potential for misuse. Opioids are used to relieve pain, but they... read more (such as morphine and heroin)	Naloxone
Rivaroxaban	Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated
Scorpion sting Scorpion Stings The stings of North American scorpions are rarely serious and usually result in pain, minimal swelling, tenderness, and warmth at the sting site. However, the bark scorpion (Centruroides... read more (only the Centruroides species)	Centruroides immune fractionated antibodies
Snakebites Snakebites Venomous snakes in the United States include pit vipers (rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths) and coral snakes. Severe envenomation can cause damage to the bitten extremity, bleeding... read more *† (rattlesnakes and copperheads in the United States)	Rattlesnake (Crotalinae) antivenom
Warfarin	Vitamin K Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC)
* Use is controversial.
† Antivenom is specific to the species of snake. There are many antivenoms, but rattlesnakes and copperheads cause most poisonous snakebites in the United States.
‡ The antidotes cited are for carbamate and organophosphate insecticides.