Toxin | Antidote |
---|---|
N-Acetylcysteine | |
Anticholinergic drugs | Physostigmine* |
Antifreeze (ethylene glycol type) | Fomepizole Ethanol |
Apixaban | Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated |
Benzodiazepines (such as diazepam and lorazepam) | Flumazenil* |
Lactrodectus antivenom | |
Botulism | Botulinum antitoxin |
Cyanide | Hydroxocobalamin Cyanide antidote kit (includes amyl nitrate, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate) |
Dabigatran | Idarucizumab |
Digitalis, including drugs (digoxin) and plants (oleander, foxglove) | Digoxin-specific antibodies |
Edoxaban | Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated |
Heavy metals (such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc) | Drugs that remove heavy metals from the body (chelating drugs), such as dimercaprol, edetate calcium disodium, penicillamine, and succimer |
Heparin | Protamine |
Iron | Deferoxamine |
Insecticides (many brands—ingredients should be checked) | Atropine Pralidoxime |
Methanol (wood alcohol) | Fomepizole Ethanol |
Naloxone | |
Rivaroxaban | Coagulation factor Xa [recombinant], inactivated |
Centruroides immune fractionated antibodies | |
Snakebites Snakebites Venomous snakes in the United States include pit vipers (rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths) and coral snakes. Severe envenomation can cause damage to the bitten extremity, bleeding... read more | Rattlesnake (Crotalinae) antivenom |
Warfarin | Vitamin K Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) |
* Use is controversial. | |
† Antivenom is specific to the species of snake. There are many antivenoms, but rattlesnakes and copperheads cause most poisonous snakebites in the United States. | |
‡ The antidotes cited are for carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. |