The cause of lichen sclerosis is unknown, but it may involve the immune system attacking some of the body's own tissues (called an autoimmune disorder). This disorder typically affects the area around the anus and genitals, but it can rarely be found on other areas of the body.
Symptoms
At first, the skin around the anus and genitals tends to bruise and may blister. Itching, sometimes severe, is typical. After some time, the skin can thin, lose its normal color, and develop cracks and scales. In some people, the disorder develops differently, causing skin thickening. Eventually, any form of lichen sclerosus that is chronic can scar, causing distortion of the normal structures of the area. Sometimes the appearance of lichen sclerosus in a child can resemble the effects of sexual abuse. Rarely, squamous cell carcinoma (a skin cancer) develops in areas that have been affected by lichen sclerosus for a long time.
Diagnosis
Doctors typically base the diagnosis of lichen sclerosus on how the rash looks and where it appears on the body.
Occasionally, doctors do a biopsy (examination of a tissue sample under a microscope) of any thickened skin to rule out squamous cell carcinoma (a skin cancer).
Treatment
Strong corticosteroid creams or ointments are applied to the skin.
Because this disorder is typically incurable and causes scarring, people are treated long-term and examined periodically for skin cancer.
