Approach to the Cardiac Patient

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• Introduction to the Cardiac Patient
  • History
  • Physical Examination
    • Reference

• Cardiovascular Examination
  • General reference
  • Vital Signs
    • Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
    • Orthostatic changes
    • Pulsus paradoxus
    • Vital signs references
  • Pulses
    • Peripheral pulses
    • Carotid pulses
  • Veins
    • Peripheral veins
    • Neck veins
    • Veins references
  • Chest Inspection and Palpation
    • Inspection
    • Palpation
  • Lung Examination
    • Lung examination reference
  • Abdominal and Extremity Examination
    • Abdomen
    • Extremities
  • Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
  • Point-of-care ultrasound references

• Cardiac Auscultation
  • Systolic heart sounds
  • Diastolic heart sounds
  • Approach to murmurs
  • Systolic murmurs
  • Diastolic murmurs
  • Continuous murmurs
  • Pericardial friction rub
  • Reference