and dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatitis Herpetiformis Dermatitis herpetiformis is an intensely pruritic, chronic, autoimmune, papulovesicular cutaneous eruption strongly associated with celiac disease. Typical findings are clusters of intensely... read more 
by linear deposits of IgA in the basement membrane zone. Diagnosis is by skin biopsy and direct immunofluorescence. Treatment is with topical corticosteroids. Bullae are elevated, fluid-filled blisters ≥ 10 mm in diameter.
Linear IgA disease has two main clinical variants—bullous disease of childhood and adult linear IgA disease. Although they vary clinically in minor ways, their immunofluorescence patterns are identical. The IgA autoantibodies target several antigens within the dermal–epidermal junction.
Infections and penicillins trigger more than one fourth of childhood and adult cases. Vancomycin, diclofenac, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), captopril, and lithium also have been suggested as causes. Risk of linear IgA disease is increased in patients who have inflammatory bowel disease Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing and remitting condition characterized by chronic inflammation at various sites in the gastrointestinal... read more (possibly with a related pathophysiology that involves a generation of autoantibodies) or lymphoproliferative cancers (in adults) but not other autoimmune disorders.
Symptoms and Signs of Linear IgA Disease
In linear IgA disease, vesicular or bullous skin lesions occur frequently in a clustered (herpetiform) arrangement. In younger children, the face and perineum are often involved, and spread to the limbs, trunk, hands, feet, and scalp is common. In adults, the trunk is almost always involved, and the scalp, face, and limbs are often involved. Lesions are often pruritic and may burn. Mucosal involvement is common in both age groups; milia are not characteristic.
Diagnosis of Linear IgA Disease
Skin biopsy and direct immunofluorescence
Diagnosis of linear immunoglobulin A disease is by skin biopsy and direct immunofluorescence. The histologic features are not specific, but direct immunofluorescence shows IgA deposited along the basement membrane zone in a linear fashion.
Treatment of Linear IgA Disease
Withdrawal of causative drugs
For mild disease, topical corticosteroids
For children, erythromycin
Drug-induced disease may be treated solely with withdrawal of the causative drug.
Mild disease can be treated with topical corticosteroids. Oral erythromycin can be used in children. Dapsone and sulfonamides (using doses and precautions similar to those for dermatitis herpetiformis Treatment Dermatitis herpetiformis is an intensely pruritic, chronic, autoimmune, papulovesicular cutaneous eruption strongly associated with celiac disease. Typical findings are clusters of intensely... read more ) and colchicine are alternatives for all ages. Often the cutaneous lesions respond before the mucosal lesions. Spontaneous remission occurs in most patients after 3 to 6 years.
Drugs Mentioned In This Article
| Drug Name | Select Trade |
|---|---|
dapsone |
ACZONE |
doxycycline |
VIBRAMYCIN |
penicillamine |
CUPRIMINE |
nifedipine |
ADALAT CC, PROCARDIA |
captopril |
No US brand name |
vancomycin |
VANCOCIN |
diclofenac |
VOLTAREN |
lithium |
LITHOBID |
furosemide |
LASIX |
spironolactone |
ALDACTONE |
omeprazole |
PRILOSEC |
durvalumab |
IMFINZI |
nivolumab |
OPDIVO |
pembrolizumab |
KEYTRUDA |
sulfasalazine |
AZULFIDINE |
etanercept |
ENBREL |
anthralin |
No US brand name |
erythromycin |
ERY-TAB, ERYTHROCIN |
colchicine |
COLCRYS |
cyclosporine |
NEORAL, SANDIMMUNE |
mycophenolate |
CELLCEPT |
immune globulin |
Gammagard S/D |
rituximab |
RITUXAN |
azathioprine |
IMURAN |
