Bleeding may result from abnormalities in
Vascular bleeding disorders result from defects in blood vessels, typically causing petechiae, purpura, and bruising but, except for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a hereditary disorder of vascular malformation transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait affecting men and women. (See also Overview of Vascular Bleeding...
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, seldom leading to serious blood loss. Bleeding may result from deficiencies of vascular and perivascular collagen in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a hereditary collagen disorder characterized by articular hypermobility, dermal hyperelasticity, and widespread tissue fragility. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment is...
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and in other rare hereditary connective tissue disorders (eg, pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a rare genetic disorder characterized by calcification of the elastic fibers of the skin, retina, and cardiovascular system. Diagnosis is clinical. There is no specific...
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, osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary collagen disorder causing diffuse abnormal fragility of bone and is sometimes accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss, blue sclerae, dentinogenesis...
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, Marfan syndrome
Marfan Syndrome
Marfan syndrome consists of connective tissue anomalies resulting in ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular abnormalities (eg, dilation of ascending aorta, which can lead to aortic dissection)...
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). Hemorrhage may be a prominent feature of scurvy
Vitamin C Deficiency
In developed countries, vitamin C deficiency can occur as part of general undernutrition, but severe deficiency (causing scurvy) is uncommon. Symptoms include fatigue, depression, and connective...
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or of immunoglobulin A–associated vasculitis
Immunoglobulin A–Associated Vasculitis (IgAV)
Immunoglobulin A–associated vasculitis (formerly called Henoch-Schönlein purpura) is vasculitis that affects primarily small vessels. It occurs most often in children. Common manifestations...
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, a hypersensitivity vasculitis common during childhood.
In vascular bleeding disorders, tests of hemostasis Laboratory Tests of Hemostasis by Phase Unusual or excessive bleeding may be indicated by several different signs and symptoms. Patients may present with unexplained nosebleeds (epistaxis), excessive or prolonged menstrual blood flow... read more are usually normal. For most disorders, diagnosis is clinical; specific tests are available for some.
