Pain

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• Overview of Pain
  • References
  • Pathophysiology and Classification
    • Pain processing: transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception
    • Pathophysiology and classification references
  • Key Points

• Evaluation of Pain
  • Pain severity
  • Patients with dementia or aphasia
  • Patients receiving neuromuscular blockade
  • References
  • Key Points

• Treatment of Pain
  • References
  • Nonopioid Analgesics
    • Nonopioid analgesic references
  • Opioid Analgesics
    • Route of administration
    • Dosing and titration
    • Adverse effects
    • Opioid misuse, diversion, and abuse
    • Opioid antagonists
    • Opioid analgesics references
  • Adjuvant Analgesics
  • Adjuvant analgesics reference
  • Nonpharmacologic Pain Treatments
    • Nerve Blocks and Neuraxial Injections
    • Neuromodulation
    • Joint Injections
    • Advanced Minimally Invasive Procedures
    • Other Interventional Techniques
  • Geriatrics Essentials
    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
    • Opioids
  • Key Points

• Chronic Widespread (Centralized) Pain
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Fibromyalgia references
  • Treatment
    • Medications
    • Nonpharmacologic treatments
    • Treatment references

• Neuropathic Pain
  • Etiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
    • Treatment reference
  • Key Points

• Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
  • Reference
  • Etiology
    • Etiology reference
  • Pathophysiology
  • Symptoms and Signs
  • Diagnosis
    • Diagnosis reference
  • Treatment
    • Treatment references
  • Prognosis
  • Prevention
    • Prevention references
  • Key Points