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Trematodes (Flukes)

Introduction to Trematodes (Flukes)

Clonorchiasis

Fascioliasis

Fasciolopsiasis

Heterophyiasis and Related Trematode Infections

Opisthorchiasis

Paragonimiasis

Schistosomiasis

Toxoplasmosis is infection with Toxoplasma gondii. The only known hosts of this organism are domestic cats and their relatives. Infection with T. gondii in humans can occur in various ways. Which of the following is the most common mode of infection in humans?

Blood transfusion
Ingestion of oocysts
Ingestion of tissue cysts
Transplacental transmission

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By

Richard D. Pearson

, MD, University of Virginia School of Medicine

Last full review/revision Jan 2020| Content last modified Jan 2020

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Flukes are parasitic flatworms that infect the blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, or liver. They are often categorized according to the principle organ system they invade:

Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, and Opisthorchis species: Liver and bile ducts
Fasciolopsis buski, Heterophyes heterophyes, and related organisms: Lumen of the gastrointestinal tract
Paragonimus westermani and related species: Lungs
Schistosoma species: Vasculature of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary system

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Relapsing Fever

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