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Type
Disorder
General disorders
High fevers Febrile Seizures Febrile seizures are seizures triggered by a fever of at least 100.4° F (about 38° C). Most febrile seizures are harmless and caused by fever from a minor infection. Less often, a febrile seizure... read more
Infection in the blood ( sepsis Sepsis in Newborns Sepsis is a serious bodywide reaction to infection spread through the blood. Newborns with sepsis appear generally ill—they are listless, do not feed well, often have a gray color, and may have... read more )
Perinatal asphyxia Perinatal asphyxia Birth injury is damage that occurs as a result of physical pressure during the birthing process, usually during transit through the birth canal. Many newborns have minor injuries during birth... read more (not getting enough oxygen), as may occur during labor or delivery
Brain disorders
Bleeding Bleeding in and around the brain Birth injury is damage that occurs as a result of physical pressure during the birthing process, usually during transit through the birth canal. Many newborns have minor injuries during birth... read more (hemorrhage) within the brain
Brain malformations Overview of Brain and Spinal Cord Birth Defects Birth defects of the brain and spinal cord can occur in early or late fetal development. Typical symptoms include intellectual disability, paralysis, incontinence, or loss of sensation in some... read more
Head injury Head and brain injuries during birth Birth injury is damage that occurs as a result of physical pressure during the birthing process, usually during transit through the birth canal. Many newborns have minor injuries during birth... read more
Infections, such as encephalitis Viral Central Nervous System Infections in Children Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) infections are extremely serious. Meningitis affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Encephalitis affects the brain itself... read more or meningitis Meningitis in Children Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the layers of tissue covering the brain and spinal cord ( meninges). Bacterial meningitis in older infants and children usually results from bacteria... read more
Stroke Overview of Stroke A stroke occurs when an artery to the brain becomes blocked or ruptures, resulting in death of an area of brain tissue due to loss of its blood supply (cerebral infarction) and symptoms that... read more
Gene disorders that affect nerve functions in the brain
Tumors Overview of Brain Tumors A brain tumor can be a noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant) growth in the brain. It may originate in the brain or have spread (metastasized) to the brain from another part of the body... read more (rarely)
Metabolic disorders
Hereditary disorders that affect the processing (metabolism) of amino acids Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders Amino acid metabolism disorders are hereditary metabolic disorders. Hereditary disorders occur when parents pass the defective genes that cause these disorders on to their children. In most... read more , fats Other Rare Hereditary Disorders of Lipid Metabolism Lipid metabolism disorders are hereditary metabolic disorders. Hereditary disorders occur when parents pass the defective genes that cause these disorders on to their children. There are different... read more , or carbohydrates Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders Carbohydrate metabolism disorders are hereditary metabolic disorders. Hereditary disorders occur when parents pass the defective genes that cause these disorders on to their children. There... read more
Temporary abnormalities in blood levels of sugar (glucose), calcium, magnesium, vitamin B6, or sodium
Drugs
Use of drugs Illicit Drugs During Pregnancy More than 50% of pregnant women take prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter) drugs or use social drugs (such as tobacco and alcohol) or illicit drugs at some time during pregnancy... read more (such as cocaine, heroin, or the sedative diazepam) by the mother during pregnancy, resulting in withdrawal in the infant
Accidental ingestion of a drug or poison by an infant or young child
