Only 1 to 3% of biologically active trivalent chromium (Cr) is absorbed. Normal plasma levels are 0.05 to 0.50 mcg/L (1.0 to 9.6 nmol/L). However, it is not clear whether chromium should be considered an essential (required) trace element (1).
Chromium potentiates insulin activity; however, it is not known whether chromium picolinate supplementation is beneficial in diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes should not take chromium supplements unless use is supervised by a diabetes specialist. Chromium supplements do not enhance muscle size or strength.
Patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition rarely develop chromium deficiency.
Symptoms of chromium deficiency may include weight loss, confusion, impaired coordination, and impaired glucose tolerance, increasing the risk of diabetes.
Treatment of chromium
(See also Overview of Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity.)
Reference
1. Vincent JB: New evidence against chromium as an essential trace element. J Nutr 147 (12):2212–2219, 2017. doi:10.3945/jn.117.255901
