Birth Defects of the Bones, Joints, and Muscles

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• Introduction to Birth Defects of the Bones, Joints, and Muscles

• Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
  • Causes
  • Symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Prognosis

• Bowlegs and Knock-Knees
  • Bowlegs
  • Knock-knees

• Clubfoot and Other Foot Defects
  • Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)
  • Metatarsus adductus
  • Metatarsus varus
  • Talipes calcaneovalgus
  • Pes planus (flat feet)

• Congenital Torticollis
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

• Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

• Dislocated Knee
  • Treatment

• Femoral Torsion
  • Treatment

• Finger and Toe Defects
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

• Missing or Incompletely Formed Limbs
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

• Muscle Defects
  • Poland syndrome and other chest muscle defects
  • Prune-belly syndrome (triad syndrome)
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment

• Tibial Torsion