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MERCK MANUAL
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HEALTH TOPICS
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HEALTH TOPICS
HEALTHY LIVING
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Health Topics
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders
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Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat
Introduction to Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat
Ears
Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Cochlea
Vestibular system
Nose and Sinuses
Sense of smell
Throat
Effects of Aging on the Ears, Nose, and Throat
Symptoms of Ear Disorders
Earache
Causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Dizziness and Vertigo
Causes
Common causes
Less common causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Essentials for Older Adults
Key Points
Ear Ringing or Buzzing
Causes
Subjective tinnitus
Objective tinnitus
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Ear Discharge
Causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Symptoms of Nose and Throat Disorders
Nasal Congestion and Discharge
Causes
Common causes
Less common causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Treatment in older adults
Key Points
Neck Lump
Causes
Enlarged lymph nodes due to infections
Cancerous neck lumps
Other causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Loss of Smell
Causes
Common causes
Less common causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Nosebleeds
Anterior nosebleed
Posterior nosebleed
Causes
Common causes
Less common causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Anterior nosebleed
Posterior nosebleed
Key Points
Overview of Smell and Taste Disorders
Smell
Taste
Sore Throat
Causes
Tonsillopharyngitis
Abscess
Epiglottitis
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Hearing Loss and Deafness
Hearing Loss
Causes
Common causes of hearing loss
Less common causes
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Prevention
Treatment
Assistive strategies and technologies
Single-sided deafness
Treatment in children
Essentials for Older Adults
Presbycusis
Screening
Key Points
More Information
Sudden Hearing Loss
Causes
Unknown cause
Obvious event
Underlying disorders
Evaluation
Warning signs
When to see a doctor
What the doctor does
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
More Information
Management of Hearing Loss
Hearing Aids
Cochlear Implants
Brain Stem Implants
Other Means of Coping With Hearing Loss
More Information
Inner Ear Disorders
Third Window Syndrome
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Ear Disorders Caused by Drugs
Symptoms
Treatment
Prevention
Purulent Labyrinthitis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Herpes Zoster Oticus
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Overview of the Inner Ear
Cochlea
Vestibular system
Disorders of the inner ear
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Meniere Disease
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Noninvasive treatments for Meniere disease
Invasive treatments for Meniere disease
Prognosis
Vestibular Neuronitis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Vestibular Schwannoma
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Laryngeal Disorders
Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Overview of Laryngeal Disorders
Laryngeal Dystonia
Laryngitis
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Vocal Cord Polyps, Nodules, Granulomas, Papillomas
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Vocal Cord Contact Ulcers
Diagnosis
Treatment
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Laryngoceles
Middle Ear Disorders
Objects in the Ear
Overview of the Middle Ear
Eardrum Perforation
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Barotrauma of the Ear
Treatment
Prevention
Myringitis
Otitis Media (Acute)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Otitis Media (Serous)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Otitis Media (Chronic Suppurative)
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mastoiditis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Otosclerosis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mouth and Throat Disorders
Adenoid Disorders
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tornwaldt Cyst
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Salivary Gland Disorders
Salivary gland malfunction
Salivary gland stones
Salivary gland infection
Salivary gland swelling
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tonsillar Cellulitis and Tonsillar Abscess
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Epiglottitis
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Throat Infection
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tonsillectomy
Submandibular Space Infection
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nose and Sinus Disorders
Introduction to Nose and Sinus Disorders
Deviated Septum
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Perforations of the Septum
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bacterial Nasal Infections
Nasal vestibulitis
Nasal furuncles
Rhinitis
Allergic Rhinitis
Nonallergic Rhinitis
Acute viral rhinitis
Chronic rhinitis
Atrophic rhinitis
Vasomotor rhinitis
Rhinitis medicamentosa
Nasal Polyps
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sinusitis
Acute sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis
Symptoms
Complications of sinusitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Antibiotics
Fungal Sinus Infections
Fungus balls
Invasive fungal sinusitis
Allergic fungal sinusitis
Objects in the Nose
Outer Ear Disorders
Developmental Abnormalities of the Outer Ear
Microtia
Auditory canal atresia
Ear Blockages
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Removal of earwax
Removal of a foreign object
Ear Canal Infection (Swimmer's Ear)
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Perichondritis
Symptoms
Treatment
Ear Tumors
Noncancerous ear tumors
Cancerous ear tumors
Malignant External Otitis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Dermatitis of the Ear Canal
Causes
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
