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Some Causes of Symptoms of Depression and Mania*

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Type of Disorder	Depression	Mania
Systemic rheumatic disease	Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)	SLE
Endocrine	Addison disease Cushing syndrome Diabetes mellitus Hyperparathyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hypogonadism Hypopituitarism Hypothyroidism	Hyperthyroidism
Infectious	AIDS General paresis (parenchymatous neurosyphilis) Infectious mononucleosis Influenza Tuberculosis (TB) Viral hepatitis Viral pneumonia	AIDS General paresis Influenza St. Louis encephalitis
Neoplastic	Cancer of the head of the pancreas Disseminated carcinomatosis	—
Neurologic	Cerebral tumors Focal-onset seizures Dementing disorders in the early phase Head trauma Multiple sclerosis Parkinson disease Sleep apnea Stroke (left frontal)	Focal-onset seizures Diencephalic tumors Head trauma Huntington disease Multiple sclerosis Stroke
Nutritional	Pellagra Pernicious anemia	—
Other	Coronary artery disease Fibromyalgia Renal failure or hepatic failure	—
Pharmacologic	Amphetamine withdrawal Amphotericin BAmphotericin B Anticholinesterase insecticides Barbiturates Beta-blockers (some, eg, propranolol)Beta-blockers (some, eg, propranolol) CimetidineCimetidine Corticosteroids CycloserineCycloserine Estrogen therapy IndomethacinIndomethacin Interferon Mercury MethyldopaMethyldopa MetoclopramideMetoclopramide Oral contraceptives Phenothiazines Reserpine Thallium VinblastineVinblastine VincristineVincristine	Amphetamines Certain antidepressants BromocriptineBromocriptine Cocaine Corticosteroids LevodopaLevodopa MethylphenidateMethylphenidate Sympathomimetic medications
Mental (other than mood disorders)	Alcohol and other substance use disorders Antisocial personality disorder Anxiety disorders Borderline personality disorder Schizophrenic disorders
* Depression commonly occurs in these disorders, but no causal relationship has been established.