Merck Manual

Please confirm that you are not located inside the Russian Federation

Yes No
Leave this Site?

The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site.

Continue Cancel
honeypot link
Merck Manual
Consumer Version
The trusted provider of medical information since 1899
VIEW PROFESSIONAL VERSION
VIEW PROFESSIONAL VERSION
Health Topics & Chapters

Contributors

Content last modified Oct 2020

We gratefully acknowledge the expertise of the contributors to our current online version. The subject(s) that they are responsible for are listed after their affiliations.

Denise M. Aaron, MD

Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine
Noncancerous Skin Growths, Fungal Skin Infections

Bola Adamolekun, MD

University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Seizure Disorders

Chris G. Adigun, MD

Dermatology & Laser Center of Chapel Hill
Nail Disorders

Gerald L. Andriole, MD

Johns Hopkins Medicine
Benign Prostate Disorders

Parswa Ansari, MD

Hofstra Northwell-Lenox Hill Hospital, New York
Anal and Rectal Disorders, Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Gastrointestinal Emergencies

Noel A. Armenakas, MD

Weill Cornell Medical School|New York Presbyterian Hospital|Hofstra University|Lenox Hill Hospital
Injury to the Urinary Tract and Genitals

Guy P. Armstrong, MD

Waitemata Cardiology, Auckland Valvular Disorders|North Shore Hospital, Auckland
Endocarditis, Heart Valve Disorders

Thomas Arnold, MD

Department of Emergency Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport|Lousiana Poison Center
Bites and Stings

Raul Artal-Mittelmark, MD

Saint Louis University School of Medicine
High-Risk Pregnancy, Normal Labor and Delivery, Normal Pregnancy

Evelyn Attia, MD

Columbia University Medical Center|Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University|New York State Psychiatric Institute|Columbia University Medical Center|New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Eating Disorders

Haya Aziz, MD

McGill University
Atherosclerosis

Debra Bakerjian, PhD, APRN

University of California Davis
Providing Care to Older People

George L. Bakris, MD

University of Chicago School of Medicine
High Blood Pressure

Arcangela Lattari Balest, MD

University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine|Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Lung and Breathing Problems in Newborns, General Problems in Newborns

David H. Barad, MD, MS

Center for Human Reproduction|Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Diagnosis of Gynecologic Disorders, Symptoms of Gynecologic Disorders

Peggy P. Barco, OTD, OTR/L, BSW, SCDCM, CDRS, FAOTA

Washington University Medical School
The Older Driver

Robert A. Barish, MD, MBA

University of Illinois at Chicago|University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System|Association of Academic Health Centers (AAHC)|Economic Club of Chicago|Institute of Medicine Chicago
Bites and Stings

Jennifer M. Barker, MD

Children's Hospital Colorado, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology
Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes

John W. Barnhill, MD

New York-Presbyterian Hospital|Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University|Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders

Michael Bartel, MD, PhD

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University
Pancreatitis

Joel A. Baum, MD

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Diverticular Disease

Lee B. Beerman, MD

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Birth Defects of the Heart

Julia Benedetti, MD

Harvard Medical School|Tufts University School of Medicine
Sunlight and Skin Damage, Biology of the Skin, Hypersensitivity and Reactive Skin Disorders

James R. Berenson, MD

Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research
Plasma Cell Disorders

John L. Berk, MD

Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Medical Center
Amyloidosis

Barbara J. Berkman, DSW, PhD

Columbia University School of Social Work
Social Issues Affecting Older People, Elder Abuse

Rajeev Bhatia, MD

Phoenix Children's Hospital|University of Arizona College of Medicine
Respiratory Disorders in Infants and Children

Scott W. Biest, MD

Washington University School of Medicine
Fibroids

Donald W. Black, MD

University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine|Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance

Karen Blackstone, MD

George Washington University|Washington DC Veterans Administration Medical Center
Death and Dying

Steven D. Blatt, MD

State University of New York, Upstate Medical University|State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
Social Issues Affecting Children and Their Families

Marcy B. Bolster, MD

Harvard Medical School|Massachusetts General Hospital
Osteoporosis

Herbert L. Bonkovsky, MD

Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Porphyrias

Simeon A. Boyadjiev Boyd, MD

University of California, Davis
Birth Defects of the Face, Bones, Joints, and Muscles

Christopher J. Brady, MD

Wilmer Eye Institute, Retina Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine|Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont
Symptoms of Eye Disorders

Evan M. Braunstein, MD, PhD

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Anemia

George R. Brown, MD

East Tennessee State University|East Tennessee State University
Gender Dysphoria, Paraphilias and Paraphilic Disorders, Sexuality

Erika F. Brutsaert, MD

New York Medical College|Westchester Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Disorders of Blood Sugar Metabolism

Emily E. Bunce, MD

Wake Forest School of Medicine
Symptoms During Pregnancy

Larry M. Bush, MD, FACP

Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University|University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine
Bacterial Infections: Anaerobic Bacteria, Bacterial Infections: Overview, Meningococcal Infections, Bacterial Infections: Gram-Negative Bacteria, Biology of Infectious Disease, Bacterial Infections: Gram-Positive Bacteria, Bacterial Infections: Spirochetes

Jerrold T. Bushberg, PhD, DABMP

School of Medicine, University of California, Davis|The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
Radiation Injury

Edward R. Cachay, MD, MAS

University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

Andrew Calabria, MD

The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia|Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania
Hormonal Disorders in Children

Danielle Campagne, MD

University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Francisco - Fresno|American Ambulance
Dislocations, Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries, Fractures

John D. Carmichael, MD

Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California|USC Pitutiary Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California
Pituitary Gland Disorders

David B. Carr, MD

Washington University School of Medicine|Washington University School of Medicine
The Older Driver

Damien Wilson Carter, MD

Tufts University School of Medicine|Maine Medical Center
Burns

Thomas Cascino, MD, MSc

Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan
Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders

Frances E. Casey, MD, MPH

Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center
Family Planning

Thenappan Chandrasekar, MD

Thomas Jefferson University
Cancers of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract

Julia F. Charles, MD, PhD

Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard Medical School
Paget Disease of Bone

Alan G. Cheng, MD

Stanford University
Mouth and Throat Disorders

Lydia Choi, MD

Karmanos Cancer Center|Wayne State School of Medicine
Breast Disorders

Ji Y. Chong, MD

Weill Cornell Medical College|New York Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Methodist Hospital
Stroke (CVA)

Paul H. Chung, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Diagnosis of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders

Erin G. Clifton, PhD

University of Michigan
Domestic Violence and Rape

Elizabeth L. Cobbs, MD

George Washington University|Washington DC Veterans Administration Medical Center
Death and Dying

William J. Cochran, MD

Geisinger Clinic
Birth Defects of the Digestive Tract, Gastrointestinal (GI) and Liver Problems in Newborns, Digestive Disorders in Children

Rafael Antonio Ching Companioni, MD

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), Diverticular Disease

Allison Conn, MD

Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Pavilion for Women
Sexual Dysfunction in Women

Deborah M. Consolini, MD

Thomas Jefferson University Hospital|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Symptoms in Infants and Children, Care of Newborns and Infants, Health Supervision of Well Children

André V Coombs, MBBS

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Surgery

William Coryell, MD

University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
Mood Disorders

Jimena Cubillos, MD

University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Birth Defects of the Urinary Tract and Genitals

Deepan S. Dalal, MD, MPH

Brown University
Muscle, Bursa, and Tendon Disorders

Patricia A. Daly, MD

University of Virginia
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

Daniel F. Danzl, MD

University of Louisville School of Medicine
Cold Injuries

Shinjita Das, MD

Harvard Medical School|Massachusetts General Hospital
Pigment Disorders, Psoriasis and Scaling Disorders, Sweating Disorders

Michael H. Davidson, MD, FACC, FNLA

University of Chicago Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine
Cholesterol Disorders

Peter J. Delves, PhD

University College London, London, UK
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders, Biology of the Immune System

Matt Demczko, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Hereditary Metabolic Disorders

Rebecca Dezube, MD, MHS

Johns Hopkins University
Biology of the Lungs and Airways, Symptoms of Lung Disorders, Diagnosis of Lung Disorders

Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, MD, L.Ac

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine|UPMC Eye Center|University of Pittsburgh
Refractive Disorders

Matthew D. Di Guglielmo, MD, PhD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Stool Incontinence in Children

Joel E. Dimsdale, MD

University of California, San Diego
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

James G. H. Dinulos, MD

Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth|University of Connecticut
Viral Skin Infections, Parasitic Skin Infections, Cornification Disorders

James D. Douketis, MD

McMaster University|McMaster University
Venous Disorders, Lymphatic Disorders

Antonette T. Dulay, MD

Main Line Health System|Axia Women’s Health
Complications of Pregnancy

Jeffrey S. Dungan, MD

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Detection of Genetic Disorders

Josephine Elia, MD

Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children|Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Mental Health Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Ashkan Emadi, MD, PhD

University of Maryland|University of Maryland School of Medicine
Leukemias

B. Mark Evers, MD

Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky|University of Kentucky Department of Surgery
Carcinoid Tumors

Stephen J. Falchek, MD

Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Birth Defects of the Brain and Spinal Cord

Mark A. Farber, MD, FACS

University of North Carolina|University of North Carolina Aortic Network
Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection

Abimbola Farinde, PhD, PharmD

Columbia Southern University, Orange Beach, AL
Drug Dynamics

James Fernandez, MD, PhD

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University|Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Wade Park|Cleveland Clinic
Immunodeficiency Disorders

Teodoro Ernesto Figueroa, MD

Nemours/A.I. duPont Nemours Hospital for Children|Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Urinary Incontinence in Children

Nowell M. Fine, MD, SM

Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
Heart Failure

David N. Finegold, MD

University of Pittsburgh|University of Pittsburgh
Genetics

Michael B. First, MD

Columbia University|New York State Psychiatric Institute
Overview of Mental Health Care

Joseph D Forrester, MD, MSc

Stanford University|Stanford Healthcare
Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Septic Shock

Marvin P. Fried, MD

Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Nose and Sinus Disorders, Symptoms of Nose and Throat Disorders

Lara A. Friel, MD, PhD

University of Texas Health Medical School at Houston, McGovern Medical School
Pregnancy Complicated by Disease

Enrica Fung, MD, MPH

Loma Linda University School of Medicine|VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Cystic Kidney Disorders

Robert Peter Gale, MD, PhD, DSC(hc)

Imperial College London|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, Overview of Cancer

Pierluigi Gambetti, MD

Case Western Reserve University
Prion Diseases

James Garrity, MD

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
Eye Socket Disorders, Eyelid and Tearing Disorders, Biology of the Eyes, Optic Nerve Disorders

Mark T. Gladwin, MD

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine|Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
Pulmonary Hypertension

Stephen Gluckman, MD

Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Oluwatosin Goje, MD, MSCR

Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University|Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic
Vaginal Infections and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Steven A. Goldman, MD, PhD

Sana Biotechnology|University of Copenhagen Faculty of Medicine|University of Rochester Medical Center
Tumors of the Nervous System

Hector A. Gonzalez-Usigli, MD

HE UMAE Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente|Movement Disorders Clinic
Movement Disorders

Stuart B. Goodman, MD, PhD

Stanford University
Osteonecrosis

Jonathan Gotfried, MD

Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University|Main Line Health, Bryn Mawr, PA
Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders, Symptoms of Digestive Disorders, Gastroenteritis

Evan G. Graber, DO

Sydney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Growth and Development

Ayman Grada, MD, MS

Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine
Pressure Sores

John E. Greenlee, MD

University of Utah Health
Brain Infections, Meningitis

Renee Gresh, DO

Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
Childhood Cancers

Ashley B. Grossman, MD

University of Oxford; Fellow, Green-Templeton College|St Bartholomew’s Hospital and the London School of Medicine
Adrenal Gland Disorders

Ravindu Gunatilake, MD

Valley Perinatal Services|Creighton University School of Medicine-Phoenix
Drug Use During Pregnancy

Jessica I. Gupta, MD

University of Michigan Health
Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels

James Peter Adam Hamilton, MD

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine|Johns Hopkins Medicine
Iron Overload

Margaret R. Hammerschlag, MD

State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
Chlamydial Infections and Mycoplasmas

L. Aimee Hechanova, MD

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
Dialysis, Disorders of Kidney Tubules

Robert P. Heine, MD

Wake Forest School of Medicine|Wake Forest Baptist Health
Symptoms During Pregnancy

Bernard J. Hennessy, DDS

Texas A&M University, College of Dentistry
Tooth Disorders, Lip and Tongue Disorders, Symptoms of Oral and Dental Disorders

Jerome M. Hershman, MD, MS

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA|West Los Angeles VA Medical Center and Endocrine Center, UCLA
Thyroid Gland Disorders

Martin Hertl, MD, PhD

Rush University Medical Center
Transplantation

Irvin H. Hirsch, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Biology of the Male Reproductive System, Sexual Dysfunction in Men

Kelly R. Hodges, MD

Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Pavilion for Women
Sexual Dysfunction in Women

Brian D. Hoit, MD

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine|University Hospitals Health System|University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Pericardial Disease and Myocarditis

Byron J. Hoogwerf, MD

Cleveland Clinic|Central Michigan University College of Medicine
The Science of Medicine and Clinical Trials

Juebin Huang, MD, PhD

Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Brain Dysfunction, Delirium and Dementia

Michael C. Iannuzzi, MD, MBA

Henry Ford Hospital|GeneToBe LLC
Sarcoidosis

Hakan Ilaslan, MD

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University|Cleveland Clinic
Bone and Joint Tumors

Talha H. Imam, MD

University of Riverside School of Medicine|Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Manuel Izquierdo, DO

Wake Forest Baptist Health
Asthma

Whitney Jackson, MD

University of Colorado School of Medicine|University of Colorado School of Medicine
Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Blood Vessel Disorders of the Liver

Harry S. Jacob, MD, DHC

University of Minnesota Medical School|HemOnc Today
Spleen Disorders

Arif Jivan, MD, PhD

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Coronary Artery Disease

Larry E. Johnson, MD, PhD

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences|University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Minerals, Vitamins

Brian D. Johnston, Exercise Specialist

International Association of Resistance Training|Prescribed Exercise Clinics
Exercise and Fitness

Michael J. Joyce, MD

Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University
Bone and Joint Tumors

James O. Judge, MD

University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Gait Disorders in Older People

Bruce A. Kaiser, MD

Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children
High Blood Pressure in Children

Amy H. Kaji, MD, PhD

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine
First Aid

Daniel B. Kaplan, PhD, LICSW

Adelphi University School of Social Work
Social Issues Affecting Older People, Elder Abuse

Kenneth M. Kaye, MD

Harvard Medical School|Brigham and Women's Hospital
Herpesvirus Infections

David M. Kaylie, MS, MD

Duke University Medical Center
Symptoms of Ear Disorders, Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat

Robert L. Keith, MD

Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine|Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado HealthCare System
Tumors of the Lungs

Jonette E. Keri, MD, PhD

University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine|Miami VA Hospital
Treatment of Skin Disorders, Acne and Related Disorders

Bradley W. Kesser, MD

University of Virginia School of Medicine
Outer Ear Disorders

Mashal Khan, MD

Weill Cornell Medicine|NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
Substance-Related Disorders

Leila M. Khazaeni, MD

Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Eye Disorders in Children, Cataract, Diagnosis of Eye Disorders

Charlie C. Kilpatrick, MD, MEd

Baylor College of Medicine|Baylor College of Medicine
Miscellaneous Gynecologic Abnormalities, Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)

Gary D. Klasser, DMD

Louisiana State University School of Dentistry
Temporomandibular Disorders

Mehmet Kocak, MD

Rush University Medical Center|Rush Medical College
Common Imaging Tests

Apostolos Kontzias, MD

Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Joint Disorders, Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes

Mary Ann Kosir, MD

Wayne State University School of Medicine|Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
Breast Disorders

Laura D Kramer, PhD

Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health|School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany
Overview of Viral Infections

Sonal Kumar, MD, MPH

Weill Cornell Medical College
Hepatitis

David J. Kuter, MD, DPhil

Harvard Medical School|Massachusetts General Hospital
Platelet Disorders, Symptoms and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders, Bleeding Due to Abnormal Blood Vessels

Kara C. LaMattina, MD

Boston University School of Medicine|Boston Medical Center
Uveitis and Related Disorders

Lewis Landsberg, MD

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

Abigail R. Lara, MD

University of Colorado
Environmental Lung Diseases

Christopher J. LaRosa, MD

Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania|Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Congenital Kidney Tubular Disorders

Jennie York Law, MD

University of Maryland, School of Medicine|University of Maryland School of Medicine
Leukemias

Jennifer Le, PharmD, MAS, BCPS-ID, FIDSA, FCCP, FCSHP

Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego
Administration and Kinetics of Drugs

Joyce Lee, MD, MAS

University of Colorado School of Medicine
Autoimmune Disorders of the Lungs, Interstitial Lung Diseases

Tae Hoon Lee, MD

James J. Peters VA Medical Center|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Fibrosis and Cirrhosis of the Liver

Magda Lenartowicz, MD

Trinity Hospice, Los Angeles
Prevention

John P. Leonard, MD

Weill Cornell Medicine
Lymphomas

Michael C. Levin, MD

College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan
Diagnosis of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders, Symptoms of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders

Wendy S. Levinbook, MD

Hartford Dermatology Associates
Hair Disorders

Andrea R. Levine, MD

University of Maryland School of Medicine
Rehabilitation for Lung and Airway Disorders, Pulmonary Hypertension

Sharon Levy, MD, MPH

Harvard Medical School|Boston Children's Hospital
Problems in Adolescents

James L. Lewis III, MD

Brookwood Baptist Health and Saint Vincent’s Ascension Health, Birmingham|Nephrology Associates, PC, Birmingham, AL
Electrolyte Balance, Acid-Base Balance, Water Balance, Parathyroid Disorders

Paul L. Liebert, MD

Tomah Memorial Hospital, Tomah, WI
Sports Injuries

Jane Liesveld, MD

James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center
Myeloproliferative Disorders

Richard W. Light, MD

Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Pleural and Mediastinal Disorders

Christina C. Lindenmeyer, MD

Cleveland Clinic|Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder, Diagnosis of Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Disorders, Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders

Alexa Lindley, MD, MPH

University of Washington School of Medicine|University of Washington
Travel and Health

Sunny A. Linnebur, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP

Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado
Aging and Drugs

James H. Liu, MD

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine|University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Endometriosis

Phillip Low, MD

College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders

Andrew M. Luks, MD

University of Washington|University of Washington
Altitude Illness

Lawrence R. Lustig, MD

Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital
Hearing Loss and Deafness, Inner Ear Disorders

Kristle Lee Lynch, MD

Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania
Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders

Shalini S. Lynch, PharmD

University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy
Over-the-Counter Drugs, Overview of Drugs, Factors Affecting Response to Drugs

Joanne Lynn, MD, MA, MS

Altarum Institute
Death and Dying

Geetha Maddukuri, MD

Saint Louis University|VA St Louis Health Care System
Symptoms of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders

James M. Madsen, MD, MPH

U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)
Mass-Casualty Weapons

Kenneth Maiese, MD

Rutgers University|National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Biology of the Nervous System, Coma and Impaired Consciousness

Zubair Malik, MD

Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University|Temple University Hospital
Bezoars and Foreign Bodies of the Digestive Tract

Anna Malkina, MD

University of California, San Francisco
Kidney Failure

Brian F. Mandell, MD, PhD

Cleveland Clinic
Gout and Calcium Pyrophosphate Arthritis

Gordon Mao, MD

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Head Injuries, Spinal Injuries

Chelsea Marie, PhD

University of Virginia
Parasitic Infections: An Overview, Parasitic Infections: Trematodes (Flukes), Parasitic Infections: Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Daphne E. Smith Marsh, PharmD, BC-ADM, CDCES

University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy|University of Malta
Brand-Name and Generic Drugs, Adverse Drug Reactions

Peter Martin, MD

Weill Cornell Medicine
Lymphomas

Robert S. McKelvie, MD, PhD

Western University|McMaster University
Sports and the Heart

Jessica E. McLaughlin, MD

Medical University of South Carolina
Biology of the Female Reproductive System

Jay Mehta, MD

Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania|The Children's Hospital of Pediatrics
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

Sonia Mehta, MD

Vitreoretinal Diseases and Surgery Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Retinal Disorders

Denise Millstine, MD

Mayo Clinic
Integrative, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine

L. Brent Mitchell, MD

Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary
Abnormal Heart Rhythms

Richard T. Miyamoto, MD, MS

Indiana University School of Medicine
Middle Ear Disorders

Joel L. Moake, MD

Baylor College of Medicine|J. W. Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University
Blood Clotting Process, Excessive Clotting, Bleeding Due to Clotting Disorders

Paul K. Mohabir, MD

Stanford University School of Medicine
Surgery

Julie S. Moldenhauer, MD

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia|The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
Complications of Labor and Delivery, Postpartum Care

Stephanie M. Moleski, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Peter J. Moley, MD

Hospital for Special Surgery|Weill Cornell Medical College
Low Back and Neck Pain

Richard E. Moon, MD

Duke University Medical Center|Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology
Diving and Compressed Air Injuries

John E. Morley, MB, BCh

Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Undernutrition, Biology of the Endocrine System

Sheldon R. Morris, MD, MPH

University of California San Diego
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Sam P. Most, MD

Stanford University Medical Center
Facial Injuries

Christine Moutier, MD

American Foundation For Suicide Prevention
Suicidal Behavior and Self-Injury

Ann P. Murchison, MD, MPH

Wills Eye Hospital|Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Eye Injuries

David G. Mutch, MD

Washington University School of Medicine
Fibroids

Edward A. Nardell, MD

Harvard Medical School|Brigham & Women's Hospital|T.H.Chan Harvard School of Public Health
Tuberculosis and Related Infections

Alana M. Nevares, MD

The University of Vermont Medical Center
Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue

Minhhuyen Nguyen, MD

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University
Tumors of the Digestive System

Frank O'Brien, MD

Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University School of Medicine
Kidney Filtering Disorders

Adedamola A. Ogunniyi, MD

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center|David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles
Motion Sickness

Gerald F. O’Malley, DO

Grand Strand Regional Medical Center|Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Poisoning, Recreational Drugs and Intoxicants

Rika O’Malley, MD

Grand Strand Medical Center
Poisoning, Recreational Drugs and Intoxicants

Victor E. Ortega, MD, PhD

Mayo Clinic Arizona
Asthma

Federico E Parodi, MD

University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection

Bhakti K. Patel, MD

University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Avinash S. Patil, MD

University of Arizona College of Medicine|Valley Perinatal Services
Drug Use During Pregnancy

Richard D. Pearson, MD

University of Virginia School of Medicine
Parasitic Infections: Cestodes (Tapeworms), Parasitic Infections: Trematodes (Flukes), Parasitic Infections: Intestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia, Parasitic Infections: Nematodes (Roundworms), Parasitic Infections: Extraintestinal Protozoa

Alicia R. Pekarsky, MD

State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital|Upstate Medical University/Golisano Children’s Hospital
Child Neglect and Abuse

Daniel M. Peraza, MD

Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University
Blistering Diseases

Cory Perugino, DO

Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard Medical School
IgG4-Related Disease

Frank Pessler, MD, PhD

Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
Connective Tissue Disorders in Children, Bone Disorders in Children

William A. Petri, Jr, MD, PhD

University of Virginia School of Medicine|University of Virginia
Rickettsial and Related Infections, Parasitic Infections: An Overview, Parasitic Infections: Trematodes (Flukes), Parasitic Infections: Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Katharine A. Phillips, MD

Weill Cornell Medical College|New York-Presbyterian Hospital|Albert Medical School of Brown University
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Tania J. Phillips, MD

Boston University School of Medicine
Pressure Sores

JoAnn V. Pinkerton, MD

University of Virginia Health System
Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding, Menopause

Michael Joseph Pistoria, MEng, DO

Lehigh Valley Hospital - Coordinated Health
Hospital Care, Medical Decision Making

Salvador E. Portugal, DO

New York University, Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine|NYU Langone Orthopedic Center
Rehabilitation

Nina N. Powell-Hamilton, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Overview of Birth Defects, Chromosome and Gene Abnormalities

Glenn M. Preminger, MD

Duke Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center|Duke University Medical Center
Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract, Obstruction of the Urinary Tract, Stones in the Urinary Tract

Judith J. Prochaska, PhD, MPH

Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University
Tobacco Use

Levi D. Procter, MD

Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
Low Blood Pressure and Shock

Vishnu Priya Pulipati, MD

Warren Clinic Endocrinology
Cholesterol Disorders

Christopher P. Raab, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Young Children

Ronald Rabinowitz, MD

University of Rochester Medical Center|Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong
Birth Defects of the Urinary Tract and Genitals

Pedro T. Ramirez, MD

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System

Anupama K. Rao, MD

Rush University Medical Center
Heart Tumors

Robert W. Rebar, MD

Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine
Infertility

Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH

University of British Columbia|BC Children’s Hospital, Division of Dermatology
Bacterial Skin Infections

Sanjay G. Revankar, MD

Wayne State University School of Medicine
Fungal Infections

Douglas J. Rhee, MD

University Hospitals/Case Western Reserve University
Glaucoma

David Richards, MD

University of Colorado School of Medicine|Denver Health Medical Center
Drowning

Melvin I. Roat, MD, FACS

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Wills Eye Hospital
Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders, Corneal Disorders

Beryl J. Rosenstein, MD

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Cystic Fibrosis

Laurence Z. Rubenstein, MD, MPH

University of Oklahoma College of Medicine|University of California, Los Angeles
Falls in Older People

Michael Rubin, MDCM

New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center
Spinal Cord Disorders, Craniocervical Junction Disorders, Cranial Nerve Disorders, Peripheral Nerve and Related Disorders, Muscular Dystrophies and Related Disorders

Sean R. Rudnick, MD

Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Porphyrias

Thomas M. Ruenger, MD, PhD

Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany|Lahey Hospital and Medical Center
Itching and Dermatitis

Atenodoro R. Ruiz, Jr., MD

The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
Malabsorption, Biology of the Digestive System

Daniel P. Runde, MD, MME

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Electrical and Lightning Injuries

J. Mark Ruscin, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS

Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy
Aging and Drugs

Charles Sabatino, JD

American Bar Association|Georgetown University Law Center
Legal and Ethical Issues

Birendra P. Sah, MD, FCCP

Upstate Medical University
Sarcoidosis

Gloria Salvo, MD

MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System

Vaishali Sanchorawala, MD

Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
Amyloidosis

Christopher Sanford, MD, MPH, DTM&H

University of Washington
Travel and Health

Ravindra Sarode, MD

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Biology of Blood, Blood Transfusion

Clarence T. Sasaki, MD

Yale University School of Medicine
Mouth and Throat Disorders, Laryngeal Disorders

Margot L. Savoy, MD, MPH

Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University|American Academy of Family Physicians
Immunization

Bradley A. Schiff, MD

Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Mouth, Nose, and Throat Cancers

Shira A. Schlesinger, MD, MPH

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center|Harbor-UCLA Medical Center|Newport Beach Fire Department
Cardiac Arrest and CPR

Steven Schmitt, MD

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University|Cleveland Clinic
Bone and Joint Infections

Richard J. Schwab, MD

University of Pennsylvania, Division of Sleep Medicine|Penn Sleep Center
Sleep Disorders

Sanjay Sethi, MD

University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Abscess in the Lungs, Acute Bronchitis, Pneumonia

Udayan K. Shah, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children

Laura Shane-McWhorter, PharmD

University of Utah College of Pharmacy
Dietary Supplements and Vitamins

Michael J. Shea, MD

Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan
Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels, Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders, Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders

Patrick J. Shenot, MD

Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Disorders of Urination, Penile and Testicular Disorders

Stephen D. Silberstein, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Headaches

Michael J. Smith, MD, MSCE

Duke University School of Medicine
Vaccination of Children

David Spiegel, MD

Stanford University School of Medicine|Stanford University School of Medicine
Dissociative Disorders

Jason Stankiewicz, MD

University of Maryland Medical Center
Rehabilitation for Lung and Airway Disorders

Richard G. Stefanacci, DO, MGH, MBA

Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Population Health
The Aging Body, Aging and Quality of Life

Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD

University of Cape Town
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Trevor Steinbach, MD

University of Colorado
Bronchiectasis and Atelectasis

David R. Steinberg, MD

Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Hand Disorders

Jan J. Stokosa, CP

American Prosthetics Institute, Ltd|Stokosa Prosthetic Clinic
Limb Prosthetics

Kingman P. Strohl, MD

Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University|Louis Stokes Cleveland DVA Medical Center
Sleep Apnea

Tisha Suboc, MD

Rush University
Cardiomyopathy

Stephen Brian Sulkes, MD

Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Behavioral Problems in Children, Learning and Developmental Disorders

Rosalyn Sulyanto, DMD, MS

Boston Children's Hospital|Harvard School of Dental Medicine
Biology of the Mouth and Teeth

Ranya N. Sweis, MD, MS

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Coronary Artery Disease

Carol Tamminga, MD

UT Southwestern Medical Dallas
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

David Tanen, MD

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA|Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Heat Disorders

Victor F. Tapson, MD

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center|Clinical Research for the Women’s Guild Lung Institute
Pulmonary Embolism

Koon K. Teo, MBBCh, PhD

McMaster University
Peripheral Arterial Disease

Mary Territo, MD

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
White Blood Cell Disorders

Brenda L. Tesini, MD

University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Infections in Newborns, Viral Infections in Infants and Children, Enteroviruses, Pox Viruses, Respiratory Viruses, COVID-19, COVID-19

George Thanassoulis, MD, MSc

McGill University|McGill University Health Center
Atherosclerosis

The Manual's Editorial Staff,

Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders, Low Blood Pressure and Shock, High Blood Pressure, Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Heart Failure, Sports and the Heart, Abnormal Heart Rhythms, Venous Disorders, Endocarditis, Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Valve Disorders, Atherosclerosis, Cardiomyopathy, Lymphatic Disorders, Pericardial Disease, Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels, Tumors of the Lungs, Pulmonary Embolism (PE), Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Acute Bronchitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Sleep Apnea, Asthma, Diagnosis of Lung Disorders, Environmental Lung Diseases, Pleural and Mediastinal Disorders, Biology of the Lungs and Airways, Pulmonary Hypertension, Movement Disorders, Headaches, Cranial Nerve Disorders, Stroke (CVA), Peripheral Nerve Disorders, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders, Sleep Disorders, Spinal Cord Disorders, Coma and Impaired Consciousness, Diagnosis of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders, Tumors of the Nervous System, Meningitis, Dementia, Symptoms of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders, Brain Infections, Seizure Disorders, Pain, Biology of the Nervous System, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Eating Disorders, Schizophrenia, Personality Disorders, Suicidal Behavior and Self-Injury, Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders, Mood Disorders, Drug Use and Abuse, Overview of Mental Health Care, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders, Pancreatitis, Anal and Rectal Disorders, Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease, Gastroenteritis, Malabsorption, Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders, Tumors of the Digestive System, Gastrointestinal Emergencies, Diverticular Disease, Biology of the Digestive System, Fibrosis and Cirrhosis of the Liver, Manifestations of Liver Disease, Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders, Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Tumors of the Liver, Hepatitis, Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder, Pituitary Gland Disorders, Electrolyte Balance, Thyroid Gland Disorders, Water Balance, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Disorders of Blood Sugar Metabolism, Cholesterol Disorders, Adrenal Gland Disorders, Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders, Immunodeficiency Disorders, Biology of the Immune System, Tuberculosis and Leprosy, Overview of Viral Infections, Arboviruses, Arenaviruses, and Filoviruses, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Septic Shock, Biology of Infectious Disease, Bacterial Infections: Anaerobic Bacteria, Immunization, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection, Bacterial Infections: Gram-Positive Bacteria, Bacterial Infections: Spirochetes, Bacterial Infections: Gram-Negative Bacteria, Parasitic Infections: Trematodes (Flukes), Parasitic Infections: Nematodes (Roundworms), Parasitic Infections: Intestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia, Parasitic Infections: Cestodes (Tapeworms), Parasitic Infections: Extraintestinal Protozoa, Enteroviruses, Respiratory Viruses, Fungal Infections, Herpesvirus Infections, Chromosomal and Genetic Abnormalities, Social Issues Affecting Children and Their Families, Neurologic Disorders in Children, Digestive Disorders in Children, Learning and Developmental Disorders, Behavioral Problems in Children, Hormonal Disorders in Children, Viral Infections in Infants and Children, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children, Problems in Adolescents, Respiratory Disorders in Infants and Children, Lung and Breathing Problems in Newborns, Bacterial Infections in Infants and Children, Cystic Fibrosis, Gastrointestinal (GI) and Liver Problems in Newborns, Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Young Children, Vaccination of Children, Mental Health Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Bone Disorders in Children, Birth Defects of the Brain and Spinal Cord, Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children, Connective Tissue Disorders in Children, Eye Disorders in Children, General Problems in Newborns, Birth Defects of the Digestive Tract, Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children, Birth Defects of the Heart, Childhood Cancers, Muscular Dystrophies and Related Disorders, Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Injuries to the Eye, Motion Sickness, Heat Disorders, Burns, Poisoning, Head Injuries, Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries, Cold Injuries, Fractures, Bites and Stings, Spinal Injuries, Mass Casualty Weapons, Altitude Sickness, Eyelid and Tearing Disorders, Glaucoma, Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders, Retinal Disorders, Cataract, Symptoms of Eye Disorders, Corneal Disorders, Joint Disorders, Muscle, Bursa, and Tendon Disorders, Osteoporosis, Neck and Low Back Pain, Hand Disorders, Vasculitic Disorders, Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue, Foot Problems, Osteonecrosis, Gout, Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Bone and Joint Infections, Paget Disease of Bone, Biology of Muscles and Bones, Cancers of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract, Stones in the Urinary Tract, Kidney Failure, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Disorders of Urination, Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract, Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys, Obstruction of the Urinary Tract, Disorders of Kidney Tubules, Sexual Dysfunction in Men, Penis and Testicle Disorders, Benign Prostate Disorders, Biology of the Male Reproductive System, Normal Labor and Delivery, Pregnancy Complicated by Disease, High-Risk Pregnancy, Fibroids, Menopause, Drug Use During Pregnancy, Infertility, Breast Disorders, Family Planning, Complications of Labor and Delivery, Postpartum Care, Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding, Complications of Pregnancy, Endometriosis, Cancers of the Female Reproductive System, Symptoms of Gynecologic Disorders, Vaginal Infections and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Normal Pregnancy, Biology of the Female Reproductive System, Pressure Sores, Sunlight and Skin Damage, Bacterial Skin Infections, Noncancerous Skin Growths, Skin Cancers, Viral Skin Infections, Parasitic Skin Infections, Hypersensitivity and Reactive Skin Disorders, Hair Disorders, Itching and Dermatitis, Psoriasis and Scaling Disorders, Fungal Skin Infections, Acne and Related Disorders, Mouth, Nose, and Throat Cancers, Mouth and Throat Disorders, Middle Ear Disorders, Outer Ear Disorders, Inner Ear Disorders, Hearing Loss and Deafness, Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat, Nose and Sinus Disorders, Common Imaging Tests, Tobacco Use, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Surgery, Overview of Cancer, Prevention and Treatment of Cancer, Tooth Disorders, Temporomandibular Disorders, Periodontal Diseases, Plasma Cell Disorders, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Bleeding Due to Clotting Disorders, Excessive Clotting, Leukemias, Blood Transfusion, Blood Clotting Process, Anemia, Lymphomas, Platelet Disorders, Biology of Blood, White Blood Cell Disorders, Falls, Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome, Weights and Measures, Common Medical Tests, Anatomical Drawings, COVID-19, Cystic Kidney Disorders, Pronunciations, Bacterial Infections: Overview

Danielle Tholey, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Drugs and the Liver, Tumors of the Liver, Manifestations of Liver Disease

David R. Thomas, MD

St. Louis University School of Medicine
Nutritional Support

Andrea D. Thompson, MD, PhD

University of Michigan
Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders

Dylan Tierney, MD, MPH

Harvard Medical School|Brigham and Women's Hospital
Tuberculosis and Related Infections

James T. Ubertalli, DMD

Hingham, MA
Periodontal Diseases

Nimish Vakil, MD

University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease

Philbert Yuan Van, MD

US Army Reserve|Oregon Health and Science University
Abdominal Injuries

Maria T. Vazquez-Pertejo, MD, FACP

Wellington Regional Medical Center
Diagnosis of Infectious Disease

M. Cristina Victorio, MD

Akron Children's Hospital|Northeast Ohio Medical University
Neurologic Disorders in Children, Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children

Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD, MPH

Cleveland Clinic
Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Biology of the Musculoskeletal System, Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vasculitic Disorders, The Human Body

Michael N. Wajdowicz, DDS

Veterans Administration|Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Urgent Dental Problems

Aaron E. Walfish, MD

Mount Sinai Medical Center
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)

B. Timothy Walsh, MD

College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University|New York State Psychiatric Institute
Eating Disorders

Andrew W. Walter, MS, MD

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Blood Problems in Newborns

Michael R. Wasserman, MD

Los Angeles Jewish Home
Making the Most of Health Care, Nonspecific Symptoms

James C. Watson, MD

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
Pain

Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD

Golisano Children’s Hospital|University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Bacterial Infections in Infants and Children, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children

Thomas G. Weiser, MD, MPH

Stanford University School of Medicine
Chest Injuries

Gregory L. Wells, MD

Ada West Dermatology and Dermatopathology|Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine
Skin Cancers

Brian J. Werth, PharmD

University of Washington School of Pharmacy
Antibiotics

Kendrick Alan Whitney, DPM

Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine
Foot Problems

Robert A. Wise, MD

Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center|Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Adrienne Youdim, MD

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA|Cedars Sinai Medical Center|Dehl Nutrition
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome, Overview of Nutrition

William F. Young, Jr, MD, MSc

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Biology of the Endocrine System

Thomas M. Yuill, PhD

University of Wisconsin-Madison
Arboviruses, Arenaviruses, Filoviruses

Zhiwei Zhang, MD

Loma Linda University School of Medicine|VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys

Mark Zimmerman, MD

Rhode Island Hospital|Brown University School of Medicine
Personality Disorders