We gratefully acknowledge the expertise of the contributors to our current online version. The subject(s) that they are responsible for are listed after their affiliations.
Denise M. Aaron, MD
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Noncancerous Skin Growths , Fungal Skin Infections
Bola Adamolekun, MD
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Seizure Disorders
Chris G. Adigun, MD
Dermatology & Laser Center of Chapel Hill
Nail Disorders
Gerald L. Andriole, MD
Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine
Benign Prostate Disorders
Parswa Ansari, MD
Hofstra Northwell-Lenox Hill Hospital, New York
Anal and Rectal Disorders , Gastrointestinal Bleeding , Gastrointestinal Emergencies
Noel A. Armenakas, MD
Weill Cornell Medical School|New York Presbyterian Hospital and Lenox Hill Hospital
Injury to the Urinary Tract and Genitals
Guy P. Armstrong, MD
North Shore Hospital, Auckland|Waitemata Cardiology, Auckland Valvular Disorders
Endocarditis , Heart Valve Disorders
Thomas Arnold, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport|Lousiana Poison Center
Bites and Stings
Raul Artal-Mittelmark, MD
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Normal Pregnancy , Normal Labor and Delivery , High-Risk Pregnancy
Evelyn Attia, MD
Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute|Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital
Eating Disorders
Debra Bakerjian, PhD, APRN
Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, UC Davis
Providing Care to Older People
George L. Bakris, MD
University of Chicago School of Medicine
High Blood Pressure
Arcangela Lattari Balest, MD
University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine|Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
Lung and Breathing Problems in Newborns
David H. Barad, MD, MS
Center for Human Reproduction
Diagnosis of Gynecologic Disorders , Symptoms of Gynecologic Disorders
Peggy P. Barco, OTD, OTR/L, BSW, SCDCM, CDRS, FAOTA
Washington University Medical School
The Older Driver
Jennifer M. Barker, MD
Children's Hospital Colorado, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology
Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes
John W. Barnhill, MD
Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital
Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders
Michael Bartel, MD
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University
Pancreatitis
Rosemary Basson, MD
University of British Columbia and Vancouver Hospital|UBC Sexual Medicine Program
Sexual Dysfunction in Women
Joel A. Baum, MD
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Diverticular Disease
Lee B. Beerman, MD
Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Birth Defects of the Heart
Julia Benedetti, MD
Harvard Medical School|Tufts University School of Medicine
Sunlight and Skin Damage , Biology of the Skin , Hypersensitivity and Inflammatory Skin Disorders
James R. Berenson, MD
Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research
Plasma Cell Disorders
John L. Berk, MD
Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Medical Center
Amyloidosis
Barbara J. Berkman, DSW, PhD
Columbia University School of Social Work
Social Issues Affecting Older People , Elder Abuse
Richard W. Besdine, MD
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
The Aging Body , Aging and Quality of Life
Rajeev Bhatia, MD
Phoenix Children's Hospital|Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Infants and Children
Donald W. Black, MD
University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance
Karen Blackstone, MD
George Washington University|Washington DC Veterans Administration Medical Center
Death and Dying
Steven D. Blatt, MD
State University of New York, Upstate Medical University|State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
Social Issues Affecting Children and Their Families
Marcy B. Bolster, MD
Harvard Medical School|Massachusetts General Hospital
Osteoporosis
Thomas G. Boyce, MD, MPH
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Gastroenteritis
Christopher J. Brady, MD
Wilmer Eye Institute, Retina Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Symptoms of Eye Disorders
George R. Brown, MD
East Tennessee State University
Sexuality and Sexual Disorders
Erika F. Brutsaert, MD
New York Medical College|Westchester Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Disorders of Blood Sugar Metabolism
Larry M. Bush, MD, FACP
Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University|University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine
Bacterial Infections: Anaerobic Bacteria , Meningococcal Infections , Bacterial Infections: Overview , Bacterial Infections: Gram-Negative Bacteria , Biology of Infectious Disease , Bacterial Infections: Gram-Positive Bacteria , Bacterial Infections: Spirochetes
Jerrold T. Bushberg, PhD, DABMP
School of Medicine, University of California, Davis|The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
Radiation Injury
Edward R. Cachay, MD, MAS
University of California, San Diego
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
Andrew Calabria, MD
Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania|The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Hormonal Disorders in Children
Danielle Campagne, MD
University of San Francisco - Fresno
Dislocations , Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries , Fractures
John D. Carmichael, MD
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California|USC Pitutiary Center
Pituitary Gland Disorders
David B. Carr, MD
Washington University School of Medicine
The Older Driver
Thomas Cascino, MD, MSc
University of Michigan
Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Frances E. Casey, MD, MPH
Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center
Family Planning
Julia F. Charles, MD, PhD
Harvard Medical School|Brigham and Women's Hospital
Paget Disease of Bone
Ji Y. Chong, MD
Weill Cornell Medical College|New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital
Stroke (CVA)
Paul H. Chung, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University
Diagnosis of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Jesse M. Civan, MD
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Fibrosis and Cirrhosis of the Liver
Paula J. Clayton, MD
University of Minnesota School of Medicine
Suicidal Behavior and Self-Injury
Erin G. Clifton, PhD
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
Domestic Violence and Rape
Elizabeth L. Cobbs, MD
George Washington University|Washington DC Veterans Administration Medical Center
Death and Dying
William J. Cochran, MD
Geisinger Clinic|Temple University School of Medicine
Gastrointestinal (GI) and Liver Problems in Newborns , Birth Defects of the Digestive Tract , Digestive Disorders in Children
Deborah M. Consolini, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Symptoms in Infants and Children , Care of Newborns and Infants , Health Supervision of Well Children
André V Coombs, MBBS
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Surgery
Başak Çoruh, MD
University of Washington
Bronchiectasis and Atelectasis
William Coryell, MD
Carver College of Medicine at University of Iowa
Mood Disorders
Jimena Cubillos, MD
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Birth Defects of the Urinary Tract and Genitals
Patricia A. Daly, MD
University of Virginia
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Daniel F. Danzl, MD
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Cold Injuries
Shinjita Das, MD
Harvard Medical School|Massachusetts General Hospital
Psoriasis and Scaling Disorders , Pigment Disorders , Sweating Disorders
Peter J. Delves, PhD
University College London, London, UK
Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders , Biology of the Immune System
Matt Demczko, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University|Division of Diagnostic Referral Services, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
Hereditary Metabolic Disorders
Rebecca Dezube, MD, MHS
Johns Hopkins University
Biology of the Lungs and Airways , Symptoms of Lung Disorders , Diagnosis of Lung Disorders
Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, MD, L.Ac
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine|UPMC Eye Center
Refractive Disorders
Joel E. Dimsdale, MD
University of California, San Diego
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
James G. H. Dinulos, MD
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth|University of Connecticut
Viral Skin Infections , Parasitic Skin Infections , Cornification Disorders
James D. Douketis, MD
McMaster University|St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
Venous Disorders , Lymphatic Disorders
Antonette T. Dulay, MD
Main Line Health System|Axia Women’s Health
Complications of Pregnancy
Jeffrey S. Dungan, MD
Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Detection of Genetic Disorders
Josephine Elia, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
Mental Health Disorders in Children and Adolescents
B. Mark Evers, MD
Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky|University of Kentucky Department of Surgery
Carcinoid Tumors
Stephen J. Falchek, MD
Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children|Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Birth Defects of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Mark A. Farber, MD, FACS
University of North Carolina|University of North Carolina Aortic Network
Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection
Abimbola Farinde, PhD, PharmD
Columbia Southern University, Orange Beach, AL
Drug Dynamics
James Fernandez, MD, PhD
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University|Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Wade Park|Cleveland Clinic
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Teodoro Ernesto Figueroa, MD
Nemours/A.I. duPont Nemours Hospital for Children|Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Incontinence in Children
Nowell M. Fine, MD, SM
Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
Heart Failure
Michael B. First, MD
Columbia University|New York State Psychiatric Institute
Overview of Mental Health Care
Marvin P. Fried, MD
Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Nose and Sinus Disorders , Symptoms of Nose and Throat Disorders
Lara A. Friel, MD, PhD
University of Texas Health Medical School at Houston, McGovern Medical School
Pregnancy Complicated by Disease
Enrica Fung, MD, MPH
Loma Linda University School of Medicine|VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Cystic Kidney Disorders
Robert Peter Gale, MD, PhD
Imperial College London
Prevention and Treatment of Cancer , Overview of Cancer
James Garrity, MD
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Eye Socket Disorders , Eyelid and Tearing Disorders , Biology of the Eyes , Optic Nerve Disorders
Mark T. Gladwin, MD
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine|Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute
Pulmonary Hypertension
Stephen Gluckman, MD
Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania|Penn Global Medicine
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Oluwatosin Goje, MD, MSCR
Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Vaginal Infections and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Steven A. Goldman, MD, PhD
University of Rochester Medical Center|University of Copenhagen Faculty of Medicine|Sana Biotechnology
Tumors of the Nervous System
Jonathan Gotfried, MD
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders , Symptoms of Digestive Disorders
Evan G. Graber, DO
Sydney Kimmel Medical College|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Growth and Development
Ayman Grada, MD, MS
Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine
Pressure Sores
John E. Greenlee, MD
University of Utah School of Medicine
Brain Infections , Meningitis
John H. Greist, MD
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health|Madison Institute of Medicine
Renee Gresh,
Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
Childhood Cancers
Ashley B. Grossman, MD
University of Oxford; Fellow, Green-Templeton College|Barts and the London School of Medicine|Royal Free Hospital, London
Adrenal Gland Disorders
Ravindu Gunatilake, MD
Valley Perinatal Services|Creighton University School of Medicine-Phoenix
Drug Use During Pregnancy
Jessica I. Gupta, MD
Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan
Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels
Margaret R. Hammerschlag, MD
State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
Chlamydial Infections and Mycoplasmas
L. Aimee Hechanova, MD
Texas Tech University|University Medical Center
Dialysis , Disorders of Kidney Tubules
Bernard J. Hennessy, DDS
Texas A&M University, College of Dentistry
Tooth Disorders , Lip and Tongue Disorders , Symptoms of Oral and Dental Disorders
Jerome M. Hershman, MD, MS
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA|West Los Angeles VA Medical Center
Thyroid Gland Disorders
Martin Hertl, MD, PhD
Rush University Medical Center
Transplantation
Irvin H. Hirsch, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
Biology of the Male Reproductive System , Sexual Dysfunction in Men
Brian D. Hoit, MD
Case Western Reserve University|University Hospitals, Case Medical Center
Pericardial Disease and Myocarditis
Juebin Huang, MD, PhD
Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Delirium and Dementia , Brain Dysfunction
Michael C. Iannuzzi, MD, MBA
Northwell School of Medicine|Staten Island University Hospital
Sarcoidosis
Hakan Ilaslan, MD
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University|Cleveland Clinic
Bone and Joint Tumors
Talha H. Imam, MD
University of Riverside School of Medicine|Kaiser Permanente
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Whitney Jackson, MD
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Blood Vessel Disorders of the Liver
Harry S. Jacob, MD, DHC
University of Minnesota Medical School|HemOnc Today
Spleen Disorders
Arif Jivan, MD, PhD
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Coronary Artery Disease
Larry E. Johnson, MD, PhD
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences|Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
Minerals , Vitamins
Brian D. Johnston, Exercise Specialist
International Association of Resistance Training|Prescribed Exercise Clinics
Exercise and Fitness
Michael J. Joyce, MD
Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University
Bone and Joint Tumors
James O. Judge, MD
University of Connecticut School of Medicine|Optum Complex Population Management
Gait Disorders in Older People
Amy H. Kaji, MD, PhD
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
First Aid
Daniel B. Kaplan, PhD, LICSW
Adelphi University School of Social Work
Social Issues Affecting Older People , Elder Abuse
Kenneth M. Kaye, MD
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Herpesvirus Infections
David M. Kaylie, MS, MD
Duke University Medical Center
Symptoms of Ear Disorders , Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat
Robert L. Keith, MD
Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critial Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Eastern Colorado VA Healthcare System, University of Colorado
Tumors of the Lungs
Jonette E. Keri, MD, PhD
University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine|Miami VA Hospital
Treatment of Skin Disorders , Acne and Related Disorders
Mashal Khan, MD
Weill Cornell Medicine|NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
Substance-Related Disorders
Leila M. Khazaeni, MD
Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Eye Disorders in Children , Cataract , Diagnosis of Eye Disorders
Charlie C. Kilpatrick, MD, MEd
Baylor College of Medicine|Ben Taub Hospital
Miscellaneous Gynecologic Abnormalities , Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)
Gary D. Klasser, DMD
Louisiana State University School of Dentistry
Temporomandibular Disorders
Jennifer Knudtson, MD
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Biology of the Female Reproductive System
Mehmet Kocak, MD
Rush University Medical Center
Common Imaging Tests
Apostolos Kontzias, MD
Stony Brook University School of Medicine
Joint Disorders , Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes
Mary Ann Kosir, MD
Wayne State University School of Medicine|Karmanos Cancer Center
Breast Disorders
Laura D Kramer, PhD
Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH|School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany
Overview of Viral Infections
Sonal Kumar, MD, MPH
Weill Cornell Medical College|New York Presbyterian Hospital
Hepatitis
David J. Kuter, MD, DPhil
Harvard Medical School|Massachusetts General Hospital
Platelet Disorders , Symptoms and Diagnosis of Blood Disorders , Bleeding Due to Abnormal Blood Vessels
Kara C. LaMattina, MD
Boston University School of Medicine
Uveitis and Related Disorders
Lewis Landsberg, MD
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Christopher J. LaRosa, MD
Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania|Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Congenital Kidney Tubular Disorders
Jennifer Le, PharmD, MAS, BCPS-ID, FIDSA, FCCP, FCSHP
Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego
Administration and Kinetics of Drugs
Joyce Lee, MD, MAS
University of Colorado Denver
Autoimmune Disorders of the Lungs , Interstitial Lung Diseases
Michael C. Levin, MD
College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan|University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Diagnosis of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders , Symptoms of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders , Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders
Andrea R. Levine, MD
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Rehabilitation for Lung and Airway Disorders , Pulmonary Hypertension
Sharon Levy, MD, MPH
Harvard Medical School|Boston Children's Hospital
Problems in Adolescents
James L. Lewis III, MD
Brookwood Baptist Health and Saint Vincent’s Ascension Health, Birmingham
Electrolyte Balance , Acid-Base Balance , Water Balance
Jane Liesveld, MD
James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Richard W. Light, MD
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Pleural and Mediastinal Disorders
Christina C. Lindenmeyer, MD
Cleveland Clinic|Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder , Diagnosis of Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Disorders , Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Alexa Lindley, MD, MPH
Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington
Travel and Health
Sunny A. Linnebur, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Aging and Drugs
James H. Liu, MD
UH Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University|Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Endometriosis
Phillip Low, MD
College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
Lawrence R. Lustig, MD
Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital
Hearing Loss and Deafness , Inner Ear Disorders
Kristle Lee Lynch, MD
Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania
Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders
Shalini S. Lynch, PharmD
University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy
Over-the-Counter Drugs , Overview of Drugs , Factors Affecting Response to Drugs
Joanne Lynn, MD, MA, MS
Altarum Institute
Death and Dying
James M. Madsen, MD, MPH
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)
Mass-Casualty Weapons
Paul M. Maggio, MD, MBA
Stanford University Medical Center
Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Septic Shock
Kenneth Maiese, MD
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|Rutgers University
Biology of the Nervous System , Coma and Impaired Consciousness
Zubair Malik, MD
Temple University Hospital
Bezoars and Foreign Bodies of the Digestive Tract
Anna Malkina, MD
University of California, San Francisco
Kidney Failure
Brian F. Mandell, MD, PhD
Cleveland Clinic
Gout and Calcium Pyrophosphate Arthritis
Gordon Mao, MD
Johns Hopkins University
Head Injuries , Spinal Injuries
J. Ryan Mark, MD
Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University
Cancers of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract
Daphne E. Smith Marsh, PharmD, BC-ADM, CDE
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago|Mile Square Health Center, University of Illinois at Chicago
Brand-Name and Generic Drugs , Adverse Drug Reactions
Robert S. McKelvie, MD, PhD
Western University|St. Joseph's Health Care
Sports and the Heart
Jay Mehta, MD
Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania|The Children's Hospital of Pediatrics
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Sonia Mehta, MD
Vitreoretinal Diseases and Surgery Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Retinal Disorders
Denise Millstine, MD
Mayo Clinic
Integrative, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine
L. Brent Mitchell, MD
Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary
Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Joel L. Moake, MD
Baylor College of Medicine|J. W. Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University
Blood Clotting Process , Excessive Clotting , Bleeding Due to Clotting Disorders
Julie S. Moldenhauer, MD
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia|The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
Complications of Labor and Delivery , Postdelivery Period
Stephanie M. Moleski, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Peter J. Moley, MD
Hospital for Special Surgery|Weill Cornell Medical College
Low Back and Neck Pain
Richard E. Moon, MD
Duke University Medical Center
Diving and Compressed Air Injuries
John E. Morley, MB, BCh
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Undernutrition , Biology of the Endocrine System
Alex Moroz, MD
New York University School of Medicine
Rehabilitation
Sheldon R. Morris, MD, MPH
University of California San Diego
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Sam P. Most, MD
Stanford University School of Medicine
Facial Injuries
Ann P. Murchison, MD, MPH
Wills Eye Emergency Department, Wills Eye Hospital|Thomas Jefferson University
Eye Injuries
David F. Murchison, DDS, MMS
The University of Texas at Dallas|Texas A & M University Baylor College of Dentistry
Edward A. Nardell, MD
Harvard Medical School|Brigham & Women's Hospital
Tuberculosis and Related Infections
Alana M. Nevares, MD
The University of Vermont Medical Center
Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue
Minhhuyen Nguyen, MD
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University
Tumors of the Digestive System
Alexander S. Niven, MD
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences|Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic
Bronchiectasis and Atelectasis
Frank O'Brien, MD
Washington University in St. Louis
Kidney Filtering Disorders
Adedamola A. Ogunniyi, MD
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center|David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Motion Sickness
Gerald F. O’Malley, DO
Grand Strand Regional Medical Center|Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Poisoning , Recreational Drugs and Intoxicants
Rika O’Malley, MD
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Poisoning , Recreational Drugs and Intoxicants
Victor E. Ortega, MD, PhD
Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine
Asthma
Federico E Parodi, MD
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection
Bhakti K. Patel, MD
University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Richard D. Pearson, MD
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Parasitic Infections: Cestodes (Tapeworms) , Parasitic Infections: Trematodes (Flukes) , Parasitic Infections: An Overview , Parasitic Infections: Intestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia , Parasitic Infections: Nematodes (Roundworms) , Parasitic Infections: Extraintestinal Protozoa
Alicia R. Pekarsky, MD
State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital
Child Neglect and Abuse
Daniel M. Peraza, MD
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University
Blistering Diseases
Cory Perugino, DO
Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard Medical School
IgG4-Related Disease
Frank Pessler, MD, PhD
Hannover, Germany
Bone Disorders in Children , Connective Tissue Disorders in Children
William A. Petri, Jr, MD, PhD
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Rickettsial and Related Infections
Katharine A. Phillips, MD
Weill Cornell Medical College|New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
JoAnn V. Pinkerton, MD
University of Virginia Health System|The North American Menopause Society
Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding , Menopause
Nina N. Powell-Hamilton, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Overview of Birth Defects , Chromosome and Gene Abnormalities
Glenn M. Preminger, MD
Duke University Medical Center|Duke Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center
Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract , Obstruction of the Urinary Tract , Stones in the Urinary Tract
Levi D. Procter, MD
Virginia Commonwealth University
Low Blood Pressure and Shock
Christopher P. Raab, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Young Children
Ronald Rabinowitz, MD
University of Rochester Medical Center|Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong
Birth Defects of the Urinary Tract and Genitals
Pedro T. Ramirez, MD
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System
Robert W. Rebar, MD
Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine
Infertility
Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH
University of British Columbia|BC Children’s Hospital, Division of Dermatology
Bacterial Skin Infections
Douglas J. Rhee, MD
University Hospitals/Case Western Reserve University
Glaucoma
David Richards, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine|Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center
Drowning
Melvin I. Roat, MD, FACS
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Wills Eye Hospital
Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders , Corneal Disorders
Laurence Z. Rubenstein, MD, MPH
University of Oklahoma College of Medicine|University of California, Los Angeles
Falls
Michael Rubin, MDCM
New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center
Spinal Cord Disorders , Craniocervical Junction Disorders , Cranial Nerve Disorders , Peripheral Nerve and Related Disorders , Muscular Dystrophies and Related Disorders
Thomas M. Ruenger, MD, PhD
Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany|Lahey Hospital and Medical Center
Itching and Dermatitis
Atenodoro R. Ruiz, Jr., MD
The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
Malabsorption , Biology of the Digestive System
Daniel P. Runde, MD, MME
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Electrical and Lightning Injuries
J. Mark Ruscin, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Pharmacy
Aging and Drugs
Michael E. Rytting, MD
Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center|Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Gloria Salvo, MD
MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cancers of the Female Reproductive System
Ravindra Sarode, MD
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Biology of Blood , Blood Transfusion
Clarence T. Sasaki, MD
Yale University School of Medicine
Mouth and Throat Disorders , Laryngeal Disorders
Margot L. Savoy, MD, MPH
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Immunization
Bradley A. Schiff, MD
Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Mouth, Nose, and Throat Cancers
Steven Schmitt, MD
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University|Cleveland Clinic
Bone and Joint Infections
Roger I. Schreck, MD
Merck Manual
Financial Issues in Health Care , Health Care Coverage for Older People
Richard J. Schwab, MD
University of Pennsylvania, Division of Sleep Medicine
Sleep Disorders
Sanjay Sethi, MD
University at Buffalo SUNY
Abscess in the Lungs , Acute Bronchitis , Pneumonia
Anuja P. Shah, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA|Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Symptoms of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders
Udayan K. Shah, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children
Michael J. Shea, MD
Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan
Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels , Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders , Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Patrick J. Shenot, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Disorders of Urination , Penile and Testicular Disorders
Andrew Skodol, MD
University of Arizona College of Medicine
Personality Disorders
David Spiegel, MD
Stanford University School of Medicine|Stanford University School of Medicine
Dissociative Disorders
Jason Stankiewicz, MD
University of Maryland Medical Center
Rehabilitation for Lung and Airway Disorders
Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD
University of Cape Town
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
David R. Steinberg, MD
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Hand Disorders
Jan J. Stokosa, CP
Stokosa Prosthetic Clinic|American Prosthetics Institute, Ltd
Limb Prosthetics
Kingman P. Strohl, MD
Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University|Louis Stokes Cleveland DVA Medical Center
Sleep Apnea
Stephen Brian Sulkes, MD
Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Behavioral Problems in Children , Learning and Developmental Disorders
Rosalyn Sulyanto, DMD, MS
Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Boston Children's Hospital
Biology of the Mouth and Teeth
Geeta K. Swamy, MD
Duke University Medical Center
Symptoms During Pregnancy
Ranya N. Sweis, MD, MS
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Coronary Artery Disease
Carol Tamminga, MD
UT Southwestern Medical Dallas
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
David Tanen, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA|Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Heat Disorders
Victor F. Tapson, MD
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center|Clinical Research for the Women’s Guild Lung Institute
Pulmonary Embolism
Koon K. Teo, MBBCh, PhD
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Mary Territo, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
White Blood Cell Disorders
Brenda L. Tesini, MD
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry|Strong Memorial Hospital and Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center
Infections in Newborns , Viral Infections in Infants and Children , Enteroviruses , Pox Viruses , Respiratory Viruses
The Manual's Editorial Staff,
Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders , Low Blood Pressure and Shock , High Blood Pressure , Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection , Peripheral Arterial Disease , Heart Failure , Sports and the Heart , Abnormal Heart Rhythms , Venous Disorders , Endocarditis , Coronary Artery Disease , Heart Valve Disorders , Atherosclerosis , Cardiomyopathy , Lymphatic Disorders , Pericardial Disease , Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels , Tumors of the Lungs , Pulmonary Embolism (PE) , Pneumonia , Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Sarcoidosis , Acute Bronchitis , Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) , Sleep Apnea , Asthma , Diagnosis of Lung Disorders , Environmental Lung Diseases , Pleural and Mediastinal Disorders , Biology of the Lungs and Airways , Pulmonary Hypertension , Movement Disorders , Headaches , Cranial Nerve Disorders , Stroke (CVA) , Peripheral Nerve Disorders , Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders , Sleep Disorders , Spinal Cord Disorders , Coma and Impaired Consciousness , Diagnosis of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders , Tumors of the Nervous System , Meningitis , Dementia , Symptoms of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders , Brain Infections , Seizure Disorders , Pain , Biology of the Nervous System , Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders , Eating Disorders , Schizophrenia , Personality Disorders , Suicidal Behavior and Self-Injury , Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders , Mood Disorders , Drug Use and Abuse , Overview of Mental Health Care , Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) , Diagnosis of Digestive Disorders , Pancreatitis , Anal and Rectal Disorders , Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease , Gastroenteritis , Malabsorption , Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders , Tumors of the Digestive System , Gastrointestinal Emergencies , Diverticular Disease , Biology of the Digestive System , Fibrosis and Cirrhosis of the Liver , Manifestations of Liver Disease , Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders , Alcoholic Liver Disease , Tumors of the Liver , Hepatitis , Biology of the Liver and Gallbladder , Pituitary Gland Disorders , Electrolyte Balance , Thyroid Gland Disorders , Water Balance , Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Disorders of Blood Sugar Metabolism , Cholesterol Disorders , Adrenal Gland Disorders , Immunodeficiency Disorders , Allergic Reactions and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders , Biology of the Immune System , Overview of Viral Infections , Tuberculosis and Leprosy , Arboviruses, Arenaviruses, and Filoviruses , Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) , Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Septic Shock , Biology of Infectious Disease , Bacterial Infections: Anaerobic Bacteria , Immunization , Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection , Bacterial Infections: Gram-Positive Bacteria , Bacterial Infections: Spirochetes , Bacterial Infections: Gram-Negative Bacteria , Parasitic Infections: Trematodes (Flukes) , Parasitic Infections: Nematodes (Roundworms) , Parasitic Infections: Intestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia , Parasitic Infections: Cestodes (Tapeworms) , Parasitic Infections: Extraintestinal Protozoa , Enteroviruses , Respiratory Viruses , Fungal Infections , Herpesvirus Infections , Chromosomal and Genetic Abnormalities , Social Issues Affecting Children and Their Families , Neurologic Disorders in Children , Digestive Disorders in Children , Learning and Developmental Disorders , Behavioral Problems in Children , Hormonal Disorders in Children , Viral Infections in Infants and Children , Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children , Problems in Adolescents , Respiratory Disorders in Infants and Children , Lung and Breathing Problems in Newborns , Bacterial Infections in Infants and Children , Cystic Fibrosis , Gastrointestinal (GI) and Liver Problems in Newborns , Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Young Children , Vaccination of Children , Mental Health Disorders in Children and Adolescents , Bone Disorders in Children , Birth Defects of the Brain and Spinal Cord , Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders in Children , Connective Tissue Disorders in Children , Eye Disorders in Children , General Problems in Newborns , Birth Defects of the Digestive Tract , Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children , Birth Defects of the Heart , Childhood Cancers , Injuries to the Eye , Motion Sickness , Heat Disorders , Burns , Poisoning , Head Injuries , Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries , Cold Injuries , Fractures , Bites and Stings , Spinal Injuries , Eyelid and Tearing Disorders , Glaucoma , Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders , Retinal Disorders , Cataract , Symptoms of Eye Disorders , Corneal Disorders , Joint Disorders , Muscle, Bursa, and Tendon Disorders , Osteoporosis , Neck and Low Back Pain , Hand Disorders , Vasculitic Disorders , Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue , Foot Problems , Osteonecrosis , Gout , Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders , Bone and Joint Infections , Paget Disease of Bone , Biology of Muscles and Bones , Cancers of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract , Stones in the Urinary Tract , Kidney Failure , Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) , Disorders of Urination , Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract , Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys , Obstruction of the Urinary Tract , Disorders of Kidney Tubules , Sexual Dysfunction in Men , Penis and Testicle Disorders , Benign Prostate Disorders , Biology of the Male Reproductive System , Normal Labor and Delivery , Pregnancy Complicated by Disease , High-Risk Pregnancy , Fibroids , Menopause , Drug Use During Pregnancy , Infertility , Breast Disorders , Family Planning , Complications of Labor and Delivery , Postdelivery Period , Menstrual Disorders and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding , Complications of Pregnancy , Endometriosis , Cancers of the Female Reproductive System , Symptoms of Gynecologic Disorders , Vaginal Infections and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease , Normal Pregnancy , Biology of the Female Reproductive System , Pressure Sores , Sunlight and Skin Damage , Bacterial Skin Infections , Noncancerous Skin Growths , Skin Cancers , Viral Skin Infections , Parasitic Skin Infections , Hypersensitivity and Inflammatory Skin Disorders , Hair Disorders , Itching and Dermatitis , Psoriasis and Scaling Disorders , Fungal Skin Infections , Mouth, Nose, and Throat Cancers , Mouth and Throat Disorders , Middle Ear Disorders , Outer Ear Disorders , Inner Ear Disorders , Hearing Loss and Deafness , Biology of the Ears, Nose, and Throat , Nose and Sinus Disorders , Common Imaging Tests , Tobacco Use , Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , Surgery , Overview of Cancer , Prevention and Treatment of Cancer , Tooth Disorders , Temporomandibular Disorders , Periodontal Diseases , Bleeding Due to Clotting Disorders , Plasma Cell Disorders , Myeloproliferative Disorders , Excessive Clotting , Leukemias , Blood Transfusion , Blood Clotting Process , Anemia , Lymphomas , Platelet Disorders , Biology of Blood , White Blood Cell Disorders , Falls , Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome , Weights and Measures , Common Medical Tests
Danielle Tholey, MD
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Drugs and the Liver , Tumors of the Liver , Manifestations of Liver Disease
David R. Thomas, MD
St. Louis University School of Medicine
Nutritional Support
Andrea D. Thompson, MD, PhD
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan
Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Dylan Tierney, MD, MPH
Harvard Medical School|Brigham and Women's Hospital
Tuberculosis and Related Infections
Oren Traub, MD, PhD
Pacific Medical Centers
Medical Decision Making , The Science of Medicine and Clinical Trials , Hospital Care
Nimish Vakil, MD
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease
M. Cristina Victorio, MD
Northeast Ohio Medical University|Akron Children's Hospital
Neurologic Disorders in Children , Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children
Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD, MPH
Cleveland Clinic
Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders , Diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Disorders , Biology of the Musculoskeletal System , Vasculitic Disorders , The Human Body
Michael N. Wajdowicz, DDS
USAF|Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Urgent Dental Problems
Aaron E. Walfish, MD
Mount Sinai Medical Center
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)
B. Timothy Walsh, MD
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University|New York State Psychiatric Institute
Eating Disorders
Andrew W. Walter, MS, MD
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University|A. I. duPont Hospital for Children
Blood Problems in Newborns
Michael R. Wasserman, MD
Los Angeles Jewish Home
Making the Most of Health Care , Nonspecific Symptoms
Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD
Golisano Children’s Hospital|University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Bacterial Infections in Infants and Children , Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children
Thomas G. Weiser, MD, MPH
Stanford University School of Medicine|University of Edinburgh
Chest Injuries
Gregory L. Wells, MD
Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine|Ada West Dermatology and Dermatopathology
Skin Cancers
Brian J. Werth, PharmD
University of Washington School of Pharmacy
Antibiotics
James E. Wilberger, MD
Drexel University College of Medicine|Allegheny General Hospital|Allegheny Health Network Medical Education Consortium|Allegheny Health Network
Head Injuries , Spinal Injuries
Robert A. Wise, MD
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Adrienne Youdim, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA|Cedars Sinai Medical Center
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome , Overview of Nutrition
Thomas M. Yuill, PhD
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Arboviruses, Arenaviruses, Filoviruses
Zhiwei Zhang, MD
Loma Linda University|VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Blood Vessel Disorders of the Kidneys